Thermal processes refer to the use of heat or temperature changes to induce physical or chemical transformations in materials. This research area encompasses a wide range of applications, including heat treatment of metals for improved strength and durability, thermal processing of food for preservation and flavor enhancement, and thermal decomposition of organic materials for energy production. Researchers in this field study the principles of heat transfer, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics to optimize and control thermal processes for various industrial, environmental, and biological applications.